12 Domains Of Culture Technology And Material 2 Essay

BACKGROUND PAPER ON 12 DOMAINS OF CULTURE: TECHNOLOGY MATERIAL 1. There’s no arguing that technology has helped make life easier. Americans use it every day to communicate, travel, build and entertain themselves, but is it all positive? Does technology replace that which makes us human? Is technology harmful to the preservation of cultural values? Think about these questions as the effects of technology and material on American culture are explored. In the first point, the production element of technology and material will be covered, how it’s thought up and how it’s made. Then in the second point, the adoption aspect of technology and material will be examined, with how it ends up in the hands of everyone and becomes a part of†¦show more content†¦This is how technology is adopted into American culture. Before a new technology is sold to the public, private companies must consider the perceived benefit, the ease of use, immediacy of benefits, price, riskiness and return on investmentii. The motivations of pr ivate companies to make a profit are the primary factor considered in whether or not a new technology will be released, regardless of how much the technology is wanted or needed. There is no formal voting process that takes place for the public to decide what new technologies will be implemented into society. It all relies on private companies to sell them if they believe they can make money. The argument can be made though that the material and technology that consumers buy is them directly voting on what is adopted into American culture. 4. Arriving at the conclusion; It was explained how the production of technology and material has affected American culture. There have been numerous advances in technology that promise to make life easier and change how Americans operate as a culture. It was also explained how technology and material is adopted into society. Private companies are the primary force and they are motivated only by the promise to make a profit. As technology continues to advance and make lives easier, society is increasingly faced with the growing dilemma that was posed in the beginning. Will technologyShow MoreRelatedMagnets and Electromagnets Essay1029 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Magnets have existed for hundreds of thousands of years and have been used by many different cultures throughout this time. Magnets have been useful throughout the years because they can hold two things together just through the force of the metal in the magnet. 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The Alchemist Free Essays

The Alchemist Essay In life, everyone has their own personal legend. Whether it be giving people a reason to remember the name or getting the dream job, the journey to a personal legend is not an easy one. A personal legend can take your entire life to achieve or even realize what it is! Santiago’s personal legend was to find the treasure, and although it was not an easy task to handle he managed to make it happen. We will write a custom essay sample on The Alchemist or any similar topic only for you Order Now Santiago would not have reached his personal legend without the dream that started it all (the call to adventure), the obstacles that ended up helping him( tests, allies and enemies), or the people he met along the way (mentor). To begin with, Santiago would not have realized what his personal legend is without the dream. The dream reoccurred and at first Santiago tried to brush it off, but then he thought of it as an â€Å"omen†. This is his â€Å"Call to adventure†. From there, he decided he wanted to be a Sheppard and travel the world with sheep. Later on in the book he met the gypsy woman. She told him, â€Å"You must go to the pyramids in Egypt. I have never heard of them, but if it was a child who showed you them, they exist. Then you will find a treasure that will make you rich†(Coelho 14). If the gypsy would have never explained to him what the dream meant, he might have not known the true meaning of his personal legend, and would not be able to fulfill it. Continuing, the result of Santiago’s journey might not be the same if the obstacles that were in his way were not there. It’s kind of like the saying â€Å"One step back, two steps forward†, the obstacles that may have momentarily been bad or got in his way, actually ended up helping him in the long run or making him stronger. For example when Santiago lost all his money and had to work in the shop for a year or so, he ended up making money and learning to speak Arabic which was very useful for him. Finally, the mentors that Santiago met throughout the book were also very crucial to him reaching his personal legend. He met the gypsy woman who was almost as important as The Alchemist. Without the gypsy woman, Santiago may have interpreted the reoccurring dream he had (his call to adventure) incorrectly and never realized/achieved his personal legend. Another important character to the story was The Old King. He tells Santiago â€Å"They show that, when we strive to be better than we are, everything around us becomes better too. †(Coelho 150) There are many steps to achieving your personal legend. Everyone has one, but not everyone can fulfill their legend. One must first realize what it is and then go from there. In Santiago’s case, his three most important steps were his call to adventure, the tests, allies, and enemies he encountered, and the mentors he met along the way. How to cite The Alchemist, Essay examples The Alchemist Free Essays Having the ability to succeed to your personal legend, and find self discovery allows people to open their minds and see the world for what it really is and how everything has a purpose in life. The story The Alchemist, by Paulo Coelho, Santiago makes great change from beginning, to the end of his journey. From the start Santiago is just a shepherd with a small flock of sheep but when he learns of his personal legend, all of this changes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Alchemist or any similar topic only for you Order Now Initially, Santiago thinks he has fulfilled his goal by roaming the hills of Andalusia by being a simply shepherd. He believes that being a shepherd is a way of traveling but he never thought about what else could be out in the world. However, an old man who claims is the king of Salem comes to Santiago to give him the chance to travel more and see the greatness of the world, and to find his own personal legend. In the end, Santiago travels much farther than he ever dreamed about and see that everything in life is connected and becomes his own alchemist.Often in life, people are content with doing the same every day chores because there heart shows fear when they dream about dropping everything to find their own personal legend, because people do this they never succeed in finding true happiness or self – discovery through the journey they should have followed. However, if people can open up their mind to seeing the world around them they can follow their personal legend to its conclusion, since it is a person’s only real obligation in life.According to Undrai Fizer, â€Å"When you have discovered your destiny in God, you have just found the compass of life. Your destiny is the purpose or intentions of God for your life. † Therefore, an understanding of our destiny is important to improve our stay here on Earth. Initially, the protagonist wants to stay with his flock of sheep and be a simple shepherd who travels the hills of Andalusia. But Paulo Coelho teaches us the importance of self- discovery by taking us through the journey of a young shepherd, Santiago.Santiago’s depth of self- discovery at the beginning of the novel are shallow, and we see this when Coelho perceives him believing that travelling through Andalusia and experiencing a life as a shepherd is all he wanted to live for. A life of shepherding, Santiago feels was his dream. But something sparks; a dream that makes him realize that maybe just maybe there is more beyond simply travelling and seeing those castles and towns where others lived. Coelho justifies a turning point in Santiago where he will begin a pursuit of self discovery, all due to a reoccurring dream of hidden treasure. He is advised by a gypsy woman and an old man, King of Salem to seek out his dream that hold’s significance. â€Å"Never stop dreaming† the old man said. This makes Santiago’s want to achieve more in his life and experience the world that he has wanted to travel, by selling his flock of sheep to the King he heads off to a place where he will soon be taught how to read omens and to find his own personal legend. Santiago’s seeking and learning of the treasure is what will begin the journey which teaches us something about self discovery through this young shepherd. How to cite The Alchemist, Papers The Alchemist Free Essays

Boc Ohmeda free essay sample

Ohmeda’s current distribution system and sales organization is not well suited to implement Rountree’s new business strategy. The new corporate strategy calls for growth in high technology product lines and the current dealership channel is more suited to goods that require less education and information. In summary, the market trends combined with our changing corporate strategy will require Ohmeda to change the distribution channel and structure of the sales force. In the short run, this will require a transition period and an investment to reorganize Ohmeda’s sales force for long term growth. In the long run, we believe this consolidating market will be heavily specialist orientated. Due to these facts we recommend a dedicated sales force of specialists to address large accounts. The dealer network will be progressively scaled back to where their primary focus will be on the low technology markets where education is not important. Current Structure Sales people are given two weeks of training and few of the sales generalists have mastered the entire product line. We will write a custom essay sample on Boc Ohmeda or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This has led the salespeople to focus on the products that they did understand such as low technology, and the mature segments of the market. This is not the high technology segment of the market Ohmeda wants to focus on in the future. In fact, these are the areas where salespeople should not be spending much time due to the products being mature and generally understood by the marketplace. This is an extreme misalignment. Historically we had mixed products but limited focus on high technology due to misaligned incentives. There are certain facts which show the need to change Ohmeda’s current sales force strategy. The first revealing trend appears to be in the anesthesia equipment market where Ohmeda has been the market leader with a share of greater than 65% historically. However, recently a West German medical maker has capitalized on selling the story of their technology to medical specialists. This has resulted in them stealing market share from Ohmeda. Unfortunately this appears to be because we are relying upon our dealer network in this area too much. This company uses an exclusive dealer network that would be very knowledgeable about the product. In order to combat this and recapture market share, our salespeople will have to be extremely knowledgeable about the products. A second important indication of our inadequacy of our current structure was revealed in a study done by HCI. This study showed that Ohmeda reps were less effective selling into large accounts. Seemingly this would be an area where a â€Å"generalist† would have large cross selling opportunities. This does not appear to be occurring. Additionally, one would expect that this would be the hospitals where more decisions would be made by the medical specialists and larger hospitals would attract the most sophisticated specialist. Given the fact that we are trying to sell higher value and specialized equipment, a realistic conclusion would be that we should move towards a model of sales product specialist rather than generalist. In addition, Ohmeda will be launching new products that will be in the introductory phase of the product life cycle. These are respiratory ventilators and infant care. Educational needs will be higher arguing for a specialist sales force that is able to educate their customer. Market Trends The market trends appear to be shifting towards medical specialists controlling more decision making, especially in the market we are attempting to focus on. These individuals will be our primary customers. There are 5,789 hospitals in the US with a fairly large number of them in rural areas. In the past, this likely would have argued for the salesforce to be organized by geographical region to assure intensive coverage. However, the industry appears to be evolving due to consolidation. Ohmeda has 14 national accounts and sales to these customers have grown by 30% over the past 5 years. By re-organizing into a sales force defined by specialists, Ohmeda should be able to intensively cover these national accounts with knowledgeable sales reps. This is where the money is and the growth is. Their consolidation will in essence allow us to lessen the breadth of our dealer coverage and allow us to focus our sales effort in this high growth area. Restructuring Recommendation and Evaluation In the short term we calculate that the change to a specialist model will likely result in upfront costs in the form of training and hiring new reps. This will be a transition period that will ultimately lead to our long term vision: Ohmeda’s sales specialist selling to medical specialist in the high technology segment. We are not recommending that Ohmeda discontinue relationships with all dealers. We recommend that Ohmeda should keep some dealers to operate in the low technology suction market. This is a $24M market and we have a 60% market share. This $14. 3M in sales represents 15% of our 1985 medical equipment sales. We project this to grow 3. 27% per year. This market appears to be a cash cow segment where having dealer intensity is important. Over the past few years, a competing company focused on price has made some in-roads in this market and Ohmeda fears that terminating the dealers will harm this segment. Given that this is a price sensitive, low technology market we think the dealer network will be able to help fend off the competitor. History has proven this to be the case. To compare the efficiencies of the dealer network and Ohmeda’s sales force we looked at the relative efficiencies of the different mixes of the sales force. The current efficiency of the sales force was calculated at 310 $/hr. If they kept the dealer network in place but migrated to having all specialists in our sales force, the efficiency falls to 232 $/hr. If they eliminated all the dealers and then augmented their sales force to compensate for the loss of the dealers, the efficiency goes up to 379 $/hr. These efficiency figures demonstrate that eliminating the dealers while keeping the sales force as generalists makes commercial sense. With no dealers though, Ohmeda will need to hire thirty nine more sales representatives at a cost of $3. 4m per year. Offsetting this cost however is the savings of approximately $3. 6m that would be gained by eliminating the discounts paid to dealers (21% versus 6%). The scenario of eliminating the dealer network and then transitioning the sales force from generalist to specialist would require hiring 44 new personnel at a cost of $3. m. A more specialized sales force and lower number of dealers focused only on the low technology segment of the market will eliminate the current horizontal channel conflicts and the overlapping sales. These are additional assumptions we made in our calculations above and are sources of longer term value. We would like to finalize that utilizing the push strategy for the dealers that we currently propose will be benefic ial to Ohmeda. The pull strategy is appropriate to utilize with the direct sales strategy capitalizing on how we see the market in the future.

Lavender ( Class 10 English Group Work ) (Group 6 ) free essay sample

This article is about the genus of flowering plants. For other uses, see Lavender (disambiguation). Lavender Lavender flowers Scientific classification Kingdom:Plantae (unranked):Angiosperms (unranked):Eudicots (unranked):Asterids Order:Lamiales Family:Lamiaceae Subfamily:Nepetoideae Tribe:Lavanduleae Genus:Lavandula L. Type species Lavandula spica L. Species 39 species, including some hybrids, see text. The lavenders (Lavandula) are a genus of 39 species of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. An Old World genus, distributed from Macaronesia (Cape Verde and Canary Islands and Madeira) across Africa, the Mediterranean, South-West Asia, Arabia, Western Iran and South-East India. It is thought the genus originated in Asia but is most diversified in its western distribution. The genus includes annuals, herbaceous plants, subshrubs, and small shrubs. The native range extends across the Canary Islands, North and East Africa, Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, Arabia and India. Because the cultivated forms are planted in gardens worldwide, they are occasionally found growing wild as garden escapees, well beyond their natural range. We will write a custom essay sample on Lavender ( Class 10 English Group Work ) (Group 6 ) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, since lavender cross-pollinates easily, there are countless variations within the species. The color of the flowers of some forms has come to be called lavender. Contents [hide] 1 Botany 1. 1 Nomenclature and taxonomy 1. 1. 1 History 1. 1. 2 Current classification 2 Growing lavenders 3 Uses 3. 1 Culinary use 3. 2 Medicinal use 3. 3 Health precautions 3. 3. 1 Controversy over possible endocrine-disrupting activity 3. 4 Other uses 4 History 5 Taxonomic table 6 Gallery 7 References 8 Sources 9 External links [edit]Botany The leaves are long and narrow in most species. In other species they are pinnately toothed, or pinnate, sometimes multiple pinnate and dissected. Flowers are borne in whorls, held on spikes rising above the foliage. Flowers may be blue, violet or lilac. The calyx is tubular, with five lobes. The corolla is often asymmetric. [1] [edit]Nomenclature and taxonomy [edit]History Historically L. stoechas, L. pedunculata and L. dentata were described in Roman times (Lis-Balchin 2002). From the Middle Ages onwards, the European species were considered two separate groups or genera, Stoechas (LL. toechas, pedunculata, dentata) and Lavandula (LL. spica, latifolia), until Linnaeus combined them, believing the name lavandula derived from the Latin lavare to wash, referring to the use of infusions of the plants. He only recognised 5 species in the Species Plantarum (1753), L. multifida and L. dentata (Spain) and L. stoechas and L. spica from Southern Europe. L. pedunculata was included within L. stoechas. By 1790 L. pinnata and L. carnosa were recognised. The latter was subsequently transferred to Anisochilus. By 1826 de Lassaras described 12 species in three sections, and y 1848 eighteen species were known. One of the first modern major classifications was that of Dorothy Chaytor in 1937 at Kew. The six sections she proposed for 28 species still left many intermediates that could not easily be assigned. Her sections included Stoechas, Spica, Subnudae, Pterostoechas, Chaetostachys and Dentatae. However all the major cultivated and commercial forms resided in the Stoechas and Spica sections. There were four species within Stoechas (Lavandula stoechas, L. dentata, L. viridis and L. pedunculata) while Spica had three (L. officinalis (now L. ngustifolia), L. latifolia and L. lanata). She believed that the garden varieties were hybrids between true lavender L. angustifolia and spike lavender (L. latifolia). [2] [edit]Current classification Currently Lavandula is considered to have 3 subgenera (Upson and Andrews 2004), Lavandu la, Fabricia and Sabaudia. In addition there are numerous hybrids and cultivars in commercial and horticultural usage. A number of other species within Lamiaceae are closely related (outgroups) including Ocimum gratissimum, Hyptis pectinata, Plectranthus barbatus and Tetradenia fruticosa. 3] The first major clade corresponds to subgenus Lavendula, and the second Fabricia. The Sabaudia group is less clearly defined. Within the lavendula clade, the subclades correspond to the existing sections, but place Dentatae separately from Stoechas, not within it. Within the Fabricia clade, the subclades correspond to Pterostoechas, Subnudae, and Chaetostachys. Thus the current classification includes 39 species distributed across 8 sections (the original 6 of Chaytor and the two new sections of Upson and Andrews), in three subgenera (see Table below). [edit]Growing lavenders Lavenders flourish best in dry, well-drained, sandy or gravelly soils in full sun. [4] All types need little or no fertilizer and good air circulation; in areas of high humidity, root rot due to fungus infection can be a problem. Avoid organic mulches; use pea gravel, decomposed granite, or sand instead, as organics can trap moisture around the plants bases, encouraging root rot. [5] Currently Lavandula is considered to have 3 subgenera (Upson and Andrews 2004), Lavandula, Fabricia and Sabaudia. In addition there are numerous hybrids and cultivars in commercial and horticultural usage. A umber of other species within Lamiaceae are closely related (outgroups) including Ocimum gratissimum, Hyptis pectinata, Plectranthus barbatus and Tetradenia fruticosa. [3] [edit]Uses The most common true species in cultivation is the common or English lavender Lavandula angustifolia (formerly L. officinalis). A wide range of cultivars can be found. Other commonly grown ornamental species are L. stoec has, (Spanish lavender) L. dentata (French lavender), and L. multifida (Egyptian lavender). Some species such as Lavandula stoechas are not winter hardy in temperate climates USDA Zones 8-10). 6] The lavandins Lavandula ? intermedia are a class of hybrids of L. angustifolia and L. latifolia. [7] The lavandins are widely cultivated for commercial use, since their flowers tend to be bigger than those of English lavender and the plants tend to be easier to harvest, but lavandin oil is regarded by some to be of a lower quality than that of English lavender, with a perfume less sweet. [8] [edit]Culinary use A bee on a lavender flower Flowers yield abundant nectar from which bees make a high-quality honey. Monofloral honey is produced primarily around the Mediterranean, and is marketed worldwide as a premium product. Flowers can be candied and are sometimes used as cake decorations. Lavender flavors baked goods and desserts (it pairs especially well with chocolate), and is also used to make lavender sugar. [9] Lavender flowers are occasionally blended with black, green, or herbal tea, adding a fresh, relaxing scent and flavour. Though it has many other traditional uses in southern France, lavender is not used in traditional southern French cooking. 10] In the 1970s, a herb blend called herbes de Provence usually including lavender was invented by spice wholesalers,[11] and lavender has more recently become popular in cookery. Lavender lends a floral and slightly sweet flavor to most dishes, and is sometimes paired with sheeps-milk and goats-milk cheeses. For most cooking applications the dried buds (also referred to as flowers) are used, though some chefs experiment with the leaves as well. Only the buds contain the essential oil of lavender, from which the scent and flavour of lavender are best derived. In the United States, both avender syrup and dried lavender buds are used to make lavender scones and marshmallows. [edit]Medicinal use Lavender is used extensively with herbs and aromatherapy. English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) yields an essential oil with sweet overtones, and can be used in balms, salves, perfumes, cosmetics, and topical applications. Lavandin, Lavandula ? intermedia (also known as Dutch lavender), yields a similar essential oil, but with higher levels of terpenes including camphor, which add a sharper overtone to the fragrance. Mexican lavender, Lavandula stoechas is not used medicinally, but mainly for landscaping. Essential oil of lavender has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. It was used in hospitals during World War I to disinfect floors and walls. These extracts are also used as fragrances for bath products. According to folk wisdom, lavender has many uses. Infusions of lavender soothe and heal insect bites and burns. Bunches of lavender repel insects. If applied to the temples, lavender oil soothes headaches. In pillows, lavender seeds and flowers aid sleep and relaxation. An infusion of three flowerheads added to a cup of boiling water soothes and relaxes at bedtime. Lavender oil (or extract of Lavender) heals acne when used diluted 1:10 with water, rosewater, or witch hazel; it also treats skin burns and inflammatory conditions. [citation needed] A recent clinical study investigated anxiolytic effects and influence on sleep quality. Lavender oil with a high percentage of linalool and linalyl acetate, in form of capsules, was generally well tolerated. It showed meaningful efficacy in alleviating anxiety and related sleep disturbances. [12] [edit]Health precautions These remedies should be used with caution since lavender oil can also be a powerful allergen. Avoid ingesting lavender during pregnancy and breastfeeding. [13] In vitro, lavender oil is cytotoxic. It increases photosensitivity as well. Lavender oil is cytotoxic to human skin cells in vitro (endothelial cells and fibroblasts) at a concentration of 0. 25%. Linalool, a component of lavender oil, may be its active component. [14] Aqueous extracts reduced mitotic index, but induced chromosomal aberrations and mitotic aberrations in comparison with control, significantly. Aqueous extracts induced breaks, stickiness, pole deviations and micronuclei. These ffects were related to extract concentrations. [15] However, according to a 2005 study although it was recently reported that lavender oil, and its major constituent linalyl acetate, are toxic to human skin cells in vitro, contact dermatitis to lavender oil appears to occur at only a very low frequency. The relevance of this in vitro toxicity to dermatological application of Lavandula oils remains unclear. [16] In terms of phototox icity, a 2007 investigative report from European researchers stated that, Lavender oil and sandalwood oil did not induce photohaemolysis in our test system. However, a few reports on photosensitivity reactions due to these substances have been published, e. g. one patient with persistent light reaction and a positive photo-patch test to sandalwood oil. [17] [edit]Controversy over possible endocrine-disrupting activity In 2007, a study was published in the New England Journal of Medicine which indicated that studies in human cell lines indicated that both lavender oil and tea tree oil had estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities. They concluded that repeated topical exposure to lavender and tea tree oils probably caused prepubertal gynaecomastia in some boys. 18] The study has been criticised on many different levels by many authorities. The Aromatherapy Trade Council of the UK has issued a rebuttal. [19] The Australian Tea Tree Association, a group that promotes the interests of Australian tea tree oil producers, exporters and manufacturers issued a letter that questioned the study and called on the New England Journal of Medicine for a retraction (ATTIA). [20] The New England Journal of Medicine has so far not replied and has not retracted the study. [edit]Other uses Flower spikes are used for dried flower arrangements. The fragrant, pale purple flowers and flower buds are used in potpourris. Lavender is also used extensively as herbal filler inside sachets used to freshen linens. Dried and sealed in pouches, lavender flowers are placed among stored items of clothing to give a fresh fragrance and to deter moths. Dried lavender flowers have become recently popular for wedding confetti. Lavender is also popular in scented waters and sachets. [edit]History The ancient Greeks called the lavender herb nardus, after the Syrian city of Naarda. It was also commonly called nard. 21] Lavender was one of the holy herbs used in the biblical Temple to prepare the holy essence, and nard is mentioned in the Song of Solomon (4,14) nard and saffron,[22] calamus and cinnamon, with every kind of incense tree, with myrrh and aloes, and all the finest spices. [23] During Roman times, flowers were sold for 100 denarii per pound, which was about the same as a months wages for a farm laborer, or fifty haircuts from the loc al barber. Lavender was commonly used in Roman baths to scent the water, and it was thought to restore the skin. citation needed] Its late Latin name was lavandarius, from lavanda (things to be washed), from the verb lavare (to wash). [24] When the Roman Empire conquered southern Britain, the Romans introduced lavender. [citation needed] The Greeks discovered early on that lavender if crushed and treated correctly would release a relaxing fume when burned. [edit]Taxonomic table I. Subgenus Lavandula Upson S. Andrews subgen. nov. i. Section Lavandula (3 species) Lavandula angustifolia Mill. – Common or true lavender, English lavender subsppp. angustifolia, pyrenaica Lavandula latifolia Medik – Portuguese or Spike lavender Lavandula lanata Boiss. Hybrids Lavandula ? chaytorae Upson S. Andrews nothosp. nov. (L. angustifolia subsp. angustifolia x L. lanata ) Lavandula ? intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. (L. angustifolia subsp. angustifolia X L. latifolia ) – Dutch lavender ii. Section Dentatae Suarez-Cerv. Seoane-Camba (1 species) Lavandula dentata L. – French lavender var. dentata (rosea, albiflora), candicans (persicina) [Batt. ] iii. Section Stoechas Ging. (3 species) Lavandula stoechas L. – Spanish lavender Lavandula pedunculata Mill. (Cav. ) Lavandula viridis LHer. Intersectional hybrids (Dentatae and Lavendula) Lavandula ? heterophylla Viv. (L. dentata x L. latifolia ) Lavandula ? allardii Lavandula ? ginginsii Upson S. Andrews nothosp. nov. (L. dentata X L. lanata ) II. Subgenus Fabricia (Adams. ) Upson S. Andrews, comb. nov. iv. Section Pterostoechas Ging. (16 species) Lavandula multifida L. – Fernleaf lavender, Egyptian lavender Lavandula canariensis Mill. Lavandula minutolii Bolle Lavandula bramwellii Upson S. Andrews Lavandula pinnata L. – Fernleaf lavender Lavandula buchii Webb Berthel. Lavandula rotundifolia Benth. Lavandula maroccana Murb. Lavandula tenuisecta Coss. ex Ball Lavandula rejdalii Upson Jury Lavandula mairei Humbert Lavandula coronopifoliaPoir. Lavandula saharica Upson Jury Lavandula antineae Maire Lavandula pubescens Decne. Lavandula citriodora A. G. Mill. Hybrids Lavandula X christiana Gattef. Maire (L. pinnata x L. canariensis) v. Section Subnudae Chaytor (10 species) Lavandula subnuda Benth. Lavandula macra Baker Lavandula dhofarensis A. G. Mill. Lavandula samhanensis Upson S. Andrews sp. nov. Lavandula setifera T. Anderson Lavandula qishnensis Upson S. Andrews sp. nov. Lavandula nimmoi Benth. Lavandula galgalloensis A. G. Mill. Lavandula aristibracteata A. G. Mill. Lavandula somaliensis Chaytor vi. Section Chaetostachys Benth. (2 species) Lavandula bipinnata (Roth) Kuntze Lavandula gibsonii J. Graham vii. Section Hasikenses Upson S. Andrews, sect. nov. (2 species) Lavandula hasikensis A. G. Mill. Lavandula sublepidota Rech. f. III. Subgenus Sabaudia (Buscal. Muschl. ) Upson S. Andrews, comb. et stat. nov. viii. Section Sabaudia (Buscal. Muschl. ) Upson S. Andrews, comb. et stat. nov. (2 species) Lavandula atriplicifolia Benth. Lavandula erythraeae (Chiov. ) Cufod. [edit]

Free Essays on Computers Vrs Humans

Humans make computers, yet computers are sometimes thought to be superior to humans. Is there any truth to this point? Maybe, I am going to provide information that both are different and the same in many ways, but that one in fact, may be seen as being better then the other. Computers make advancements every day, because people continue looking for ways to make them run better and more efficient. Humans on the other hand do not advance as rapidly, because they can only do what they are raised or taught to do. They are only as advanced as their education or can only advance as much as their brain and other organs will allow them. Computers are made by humans so which is smarter or better? This conflict is an opinionated one but maybe proven by the facts of this paper, by showing differences and similarities in the machines and the humans that make them. A paper from Science and Spirit called â€Å"Brains, Computers and Persons† discusses how â€Å"the brain is a computer†, meaning in the sense of today’s electronic machines. However in fact the brain is a computer, which is very different, then any computer man has yet succeeded to build. Also it states that the job of computer science is not only to build better technology, but also to create a theory, which encompasses the brain’s very different adaptive, distributed, multi-level computations. The brain has hundreds of regions, each region with millions of cells, each cell with tens of thousands of connections, each connection involving subtle neurochemical processes. Which gives a great deal of room for processes shaped through evolution that will continue to mystify humans for decades to come. So in fact the article states that maybe instead of reducing the human brain to the limits of the current machine, maybe instead see the notion of machine s growing immensely over the coming decades as we better understand h... Free Essays on Computers Vrs Humans Free Essays on Computers Vrs Humans Humans make computers, yet computers are sometimes thought to be superior to humans. Is there any truth to this point? Maybe, I am going to provide information that both are different and the same in many ways, but that one in fact, may be seen as being better then the other. Computers make advancements every day, because people continue looking for ways to make them run better and more efficient. Humans on the other hand do not advance as rapidly, because they can only do what they are raised or taught to do. They are only as advanced as their education or can only advance as much as their brain and other organs will allow them. Computers are made by humans so which is smarter or better? This conflict is an opinionated one but maybe proven by the facts of this paper, by showing differences and similarities in the machines and the humans that make them. A paper from Science and Spirit called â€Å"Brains, Computers and Persons† discusses how â€Å"the brain is a computer†, meaning in the sense of today’s electronic machines. However in fact the brain is a computer, which is very different, then any computer man has yet succeeded to build. Also it states that the job of computer science is not only to build better technology, but also to create a theory, which encompasses the brain’s very different adaptive, distributed, multi-level computations. The brain has hundreds of regions, each region with millions of cells, each cell with tens of thousands of connections, each connection involving subtle neurochemical processes. Which gives a great deal of room for processes shaped through evolution that will continue to mystify humans for decades to come. So in fact the article states that maybe instead of reducing the human brain to the limits of the current machine, maybe instead see the notion of machine s growing immensely over the coming decades as we better understand h...

United States Low Elevation Points List

United States Low Elevation Points List The United States of America is the third largest country in the world based on land area. The U.S. has a total area of 3,794,100 square miles (9,826,675 sq km) and is divided into 50 different states. These states vary in their topography and some have their lowest elevations far below sea level, while others are much higher.The following is a list of the lowest points in each of the 50 U.S. states arranged with the lowest elevations first:1) California: Badwater Basin, Death Valley at -282 feet (-86 m)2) Louisiana: New Orleans at -8 feet (-2 m)3) Alabama: Gulf of Mexico at 0 feet (0 m)4) Alaska: Pacific Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)5) Connecticut: Long Island Sound at 0 feet (0 m)6) Delaware: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)7) Florida: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)8) Georgia: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)9) Hawaii: Pacific Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)10) Maine: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)11) Maryland: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)12) Massachusetts: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)13) Mississipp i: Gulf of Mexico at 0 feet (0 m)14) New Hampshire: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)15) New Jersey: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)16) New York: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)17) North Carolina: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)18) Oregon: Pacific Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)19) Pennsylvania: Delaware River at 0 feet (0 m)20) Rhode Island: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)21) South Carolina: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)22) Texas: Gulf of Mexico at 0 feet (0 m)23) Virginia: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)24) Washington: Pacific Ocean at 0 feet (0 m)25) Arkansas: Ouachita River at 55 feet (17 m)26) Arizona: Colorado River at 70 feet (21 m)27) Vermont: Lake Champlain at 95 feet (29 m)28) Tennessee: Mississippi River at 178 feet (54 m)29) Missouri: Saint Francis River at 230 feet (70 m)30) West Virginia: Potomac River at 240 feet (73 m)31) Kentucky: Mississippi River at 257 feet (78 m)32) Illinois: Mississippi River at 279 feet (85 m)33) Oklahoma: Little River at 289 feet (88 m)34) Indiana: Ohio River at 320 feet (98 m)35) Ohio: Ohio River at 455 feet (139 m)36) Nevada: Colorado River at 479 feet (145 m)37) Iowa: Mississippi River at 480 feet (146 m)38) Michigan: Lake Erie at 571 feet (174 m)39) Wisconsin: Lake Michigan at 579 feet (176 m)40) Minnesota: Lake Superior at 601 feet (183 m)41) Kansas: Verdigris River at 679 feet (207 m)42) Idaho: Snake River at 710 feet (216 m)43) North Dakota: Red River at 750 feet (229 m)44) Nebraska: Missouri River at 840 feet (256 m)45) South Dakota: Big Stone Lake at 966 feet (294 m)46) Montana: Kootenai River at 1,800 feet (549 m)47) Utah: Beaver Dam Wash at 2,000 feet (610 m)48) New Mexico: Red Bluff Reservoir at 2,842 feet (866 m)49) Wyoming: Belle Fourche River at 3,099 feet (945 m)50) Colorado: Arikaree River at 3,317 feet (1,011 m)

Artificial Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Artificial Intelligence - Essay Example The focus in this paper is on Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the scientific attempt to build computational models of cognitive processes. It aims to study the computations that make it possible to reason, perceive and act. It differs from psychology because of greater emphasis on computation. In Artificial Intelligence, the aim is to make electronic computer systems to perform tasks that would usually be considered intelligent if done by a human. It is mainly concerned with the analogy between particular computer programs and how they emulate the human mind. The scientific goal of Artificial intelligence is to solve real world problems faced by humans using knowledge and assembled systems. Artificial intelligence requires skills of understanding how knowledge can be represented and the methods of how to use that knowledge. The main aim of AI is to improve human life and reduce risks faced by humans. According to the late pioneer of Artificial Intelligence, Allan Newell, man-made wor ld would be permeated by systems to cushion it from danger. With the advent of new age computers, the dream of smart computers has become a reality. The ‘ability’ of computers keeps growing with changing times. The limitations are virtually boundless. The other main reason is the interest in technological applications in the AI field. These spread out to all disciplines that use any form of computers or electronics to achieve tasks. Examples of these fields include; Medicine, manufacturing, farming, education, housework, research and development and science in general. In business, computers are also very helpful and essential. (Marsland 345). Due to the intelligent and adaptive nature of AI, systems can help locate pertinent information. Discussion Artificial Intelligence computers are commonly known as intelligent systems. This is attributed to their ability to learn from examples and use the statistics or data fed to them to solve problems. Most learning programs are either experience or data oriented. The systems use a knowledge base created with many different aspects to simulate experiences. These experience oriented systems use common sense knowledge to discover how people usually reason about new experiences (Marsland 213). This stimulates a reaction. Data oriented systems create programs to specifically search and mine for data in databases to get exploitable regularities. These intelligent systems can give answers to questions using free text and structured data. AI is becoming more essential to us and yet less conspicuous. The rapid development of this field has helped business people achieve strategic business goals. Challenges The AI field has been incorporated in many industries, and this has brought about their growth. This incorporation is by the development of intelligent agents that are set put to complete the different tasks and requirements needed by the field. This, however, does not come without challenges. Some of the challe nges faced include; the need for information exchange with databases in the mainframe. The need to provide rapid hardware recoveries should failures occurs is a major function of AI that presents many challenges. The need for effective information distribution to all personnel involved in system development is another crucial function that is challenging (Russell & Norving 104). These are some of the problems that should be addressed to achieve successful implementation of an AI system. Some examples of successful implementation are discussed in the following paragraph. Siri is an application developed by the Apple Company, to help users interact better with their mobile phones. It is considered an intelligent agent that acts as a personal assistant and has access to knowledge navigation. The main platform